Is drug use associated with the presence of periodontitis and oral lesions? A meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This systematic review investigated whether drug use is associated with the presence of oral lesions and periodontitis. METHODS: A search was performed for studies that analyzed the presence of periodontitis and/or oral lesions in users of crack, cocaine, and/or marijuana in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Observational studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, without limitation of year, age, and sex, were included. Studies that did not evaluate periodontitis and oral lesions according to the eligibility criteria were excluded. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction using a standardized form. The risk of bias of studies included in the meta-analysis was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The meta-analysis included studies that investigated the association of drug use with the outcome. RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 9,279 articles, from which 16 studies with 15,434 participants were included in the review and 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies that evaluated periodontitis in drug users and non-users found a positive association in users. Most studies that analyzed oral lesions reported a higher prevalence, association, or risk of oral lesions in drug users than in non-users. A critical evaluation identified a need to improve the control and reporting of confounding factors in studies on this topic. An association was found between periodontitis and the use of crack, cocaine, and/or marijuana (odds ratio [OR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.27; P=0.04) and between oral lesions and the use of these drugs (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.58-2.86; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Drug users are more likely to develop oral lesions and periodontitis than non-users. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, considering the heterogeneity and quality of the studies included in the analysis.

Affect and cognition as antecedents of patients' trust in the dentist: cross-sectional study

Aim: to evaluate the association of the patients' perception about dentist's affect and cognition on trust and, consequently, on intention to return and patient satisfaction with life. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in patients' adults and elderly at of two dentistry clinics in the south of Brazil. Patients had to have a previous relationship with the dentist (at least one previous consult) and 18 years of age or older. The data were collected through self-administrated questionnaire using measures adapted from other research, using structural equation modeling. We test using a chi-square difference test (p-value<0,05). Results: The mean age of the 197 patients was 37.0 years (σ = 15.5). The affect perceived by the patient at the dentist had a positive effect (ß = .53) on the trust that the patient develops in relation to the dentist. The same is true for the effect of the rational or cognitive aspects perceived by the patient at the dentist (ß = .41). The trust positively influences the patient's intention to return to that dentist (ß = .82). In addition, the intention to return to the dentist positively influences the patient's satisfaction with life (ß = .49). Conclusions: Affective and cognitive aspects positively influenced the patient's trust in the dentist. The greater the patient's trust in the dentist, the greater the intention to return to that dentist. Furthermore, a good relationship with the dentist improve the patient's satisfaction with life

Periodontal conditions in adolescents and young Brazilians and associated factors: Cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian oral health survey, 2010.

BACKGROUND: Diseases of the gingival tissues are considered a global public health problem concern. These diseases show great differences in their distribution and prevalence in the different localities investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the periodontal conditions of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Brazilian adolescents and young people, as well as to verify the associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study that used secondary data from the National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil 2010) performed by the Ministry of Health. This study assessed 7328 adolescents aged 12 years and 5445 young people aged 15-19 years. The characteristics of the periodontal conditions were obtained by the community periodontal index, which provided the outcome variables of gingival bleeding and dental calculus. The predictor variables were demographic, socioeconomic, and oral clinical data. RESULTS: The results showed a high prevalence of gingival bleeding (32%) and dental calculus (33.1%) in the individuals assessed. In addition, as observed after adjusting to the Poisson regression model, the variables of 12 years of age, no tooth loss, fewer household residents, >6 years of education, and no need for dental treatment were considered protective factors for gingival bleeding and dental calculus. CONCLUSIONS: The variables of nonwhite skin color, certain regions of the country, and low monthly household income were considered risk factors for the outcomes. Boys presented a higher prevalence of dental calculus than girls.

Maconha como a segunda substância psicoativa mais comumente usada entre estudantes / Emergence of cannabis as the second most commonly used psychoactive substance among students

INTRODUCTION: People use psychoactive substances (PAS) historically; however, from the 1960s on, this use has increased considerably, becoming known for compromising health and causing the death of millions of people every year. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the prevalence of psychoactive substances consumed by dentistry students, as well as to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables and identify the level of life satisfaction among Dentistry students. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional observational study including 159 students of an educational institution in a city of southern Brazil enrolled in the eight course periods. They were anonymously asked to a self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic variables and use of psychoactive substances (PAS), questions were adapted by the validated instrument called Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and the assessment of level of life satisfaction by the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: The use of PAS at some point in life had prevalence of 90.6%. Alcohol was the most used PAS by students, followed by cannabis. The use of drugs for depression showed association with alcohol and cannabis consumption, cannabis was predominately consumed by male . The majority of students reported dissatisfaction with life. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PAS use is high among the Dentistry students interviewed. The PAS most consumed by students was alcohol, followed by cannabis, psychoactive drugs, and tobacco.

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) é uma prática utilizada pelo homem desde seus primórdios. Entretanto, a partir dos anos 60, teve seu consumo substancialmente aumentado, e se tornou conhecida por comprometer a saúde e ocasionar a morte de milhões de pessoas todos os anos. OBJETIVO: O uso de substâncias psicoativas é uma prática utilizada há muitos anos, porém, a partir dos anos 60, teve seu consumo substancialmente aumentado. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência do uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes de Odontologia, bem como analisar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas e identificar o nível de satisfação com a vida entre os estudantes. MÉTODO: O delineamento é do tipo transversal composto por 159 estudantes de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino de um município do sul do Brasil matriculados nos oito períodos do curso. Os sujeitos forma submetidos anonimamente a um questionário autoaplicável com perguntas referentes a variáveis sociodemográficas, uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) adaptadas pelo instrumento validado Teste de Triagem para Álcool, Tabaco e Substâncias (ASSIST), e a avaliação do grau de satisfação com a vida, a partir da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (ESVC). RESULTADOS: O uso de SPA em algum momento da vida teve prevalência de 90,6%, sendo, o álcool, a droga mais consumida, seguida pela maconha. O uso de medicamentos para depressão mostrou associação ao consumo de álcool. O consumo de maconha também esteve associado ao uso de antidepressivos, sendo a maconha mais consumida pelos homens. A maior parte da amostra relatou insatisfação com sua vida. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do uso PAS é alta entre os estudantes de Odontologia entrevistados. O PAS mais utilizado pelos alunos foi o álcool, seguido de maconha, drogas psicoativas, e tabaco.